The workshop highlighted the diversity of terms and ideas regarding reserve and resilience.Ĭounting an audience of 285 researchers from across the globe, the workshop’s breakout sessions yielded vigorous discussion and made it clear that more work was needed to reach consensus on definitions. Sponsored in part by the McKnight Brain Research Foundation, the first workshop followed a unique format where 24 experts in the field were invited to provide their specific operational definitions for concepts related to reserve and resilience. A particular challenge facing the Consortium was to identify corresponding concepts in neurobiology, animal models and models at the level of cells and molecules and approaches bridging those levels of analysis. In addition to developing the definitions, there is also a need to translate the related concepts to guide research on all levels of epidemiologic, clinical, intervention, imaging and basic animal research. However, the definitions of these concepts differ across researchers, and the translation from human to animal research is not well developed, making it important to bring together researchers from basic neuroscience to human studies to develop operational definitions for these concepts. In addition, there are terms commonly used in cognitive neuroscience studies of aging, such as efficiency, capacity, and compensation. Investigators in this area have employed many terms encapsulating individual differences including resilience, cognitive reserve, brain reserve, brain maintenance, and compensation. There are likely several complex and highly interactive mechanisms that lead to these individual differences in vulnerability to decline, which are likely reliant on both structural and functional brain mechanisms. The factors associated with resilience play an important role in developing interventions and health policies.
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